If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Giant cell tumor gct of bone is one of the commonest benign bone tumors encountered by an orthopedic surgeon. Not the same tumor as giant cell lesion of the small bones. Columbia university, new york classification secondary metastases 95% primary 5% 2 secondary tumors. Initially, described by cooper and travers in 1818 as an aggressive and destructive lesion of long bones, then virchow first described the recurrence and possible degeneration into a malignant gct. A favorable clinical outcome is expected when the tumor is excised to tumorfree margins, however. This is very unusual, with a reported incidence of 0. We report the case of a patient with a giant cell tumor in the distal ulna. The site most commonly struck by this tumor is the knee the far end of the femur and the near end of the tibia. Local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after intralesional treatment with and without adjuvant therapy. Its typical subarticular location and high recurrence risk can be associated with significant morbidity. They are always found at the end of the bone next to the joint. Their local aggressiveness explained by later nelaton and malignant features showed by virchow 2,3. Giant cell tumour gct of the distal fibula is extremely rare and poses challenges in the surgical management.
Giant cell tumour in the diaphysis of radius a report. Pulmonary metastasis of giant cell tumor of bones world. The authors report a case of a large giant cell tumor involving the petrous and squamous portions of the temporal bone in a 26 year old male patient. Radiation therapy seems to be an option in these patients, despite the lack of a. Giant cell tumor of bone list of high impact articles. Its name is derived from the numerous multinucleated giant cells found within the tumor, which are principally responsible for the extensive bone resorption that is characteristic of gct. Patients usually present with pain and limited range of motion caused by tumors proximity to the joint space. The rank pathway is often reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of giant cell tumor of bone. Giant cell tumor of bone gctb first described by cooper and travers in 1818 1. Pdf a recurrent giant cell tumor of bone treated with.
Musculoskeletal imaging 197 giant cell tumor of bone. Giant cell tumor gct of bone is a rare and unpredictable lesion. A giant cell tumor is one that is made up of a large number of benign noncancerous cells that form an aggressive tumor. Giant cell tumor of bone with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. H3f3a mutation detection can be used as a diagnostic tool for the distinction of giant cell tumor of bone from other giant cellcontaining tumors.
Giant cell tumor of bone gctb is a challenging clinicopathological entity, accounting for 5% of all primary bone. Giant cell tumor health encyclopedia university of. The reported incidence of gct in the oriental and asian population is higher than that in the caucasian population and may account for 20% of all skeletal neoplasms. The possible surgical procedures range from repeated intralesional curettage to wide resection. A rare bone sarcoma characterized by a usually benign spaceoccupying lesion, which is nevertheless locally aggressive and massively damaging to surrounding bone tissue. While a giant cell tumor can occur in any bone, it is most commonly located in the metaphysis or at the end epiphysis of the thigh bone femur or shin bone tibia. However, if malignant degeneration does occur, it is likely to metastasize to the lungs.
They mostly occur in the long bones found in the arms and legs. Malignancy in giantcell tumor is uncommon and occurs in about 2% of all cases. Factors affecting the recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after. Several cases of long bone giant cell tumor have been reported in the literature. Introduction giant cell tumor gct of bone was described by cooper and travers 1 in 1818. A subset of the mutations can be easily detected using a g34w mutation specific antibody. Although they are benign, gct can grow fast and damage the affected bone and spread to the soft tissue around it. Giant cell tumors are rare neoplasms, representing less than 5% of all bone tumors. Benign but locally aggressive primary bone neoplasm composed of mononuclear round to spindle cells with numerous evenly dispersed osteoclastlike giant cells.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft knochentumoren, becker wt, dohle j, et al. In addition to wide excision, preservation of ankle. Malignancy in giant cell tumor is rare free online medical dictionary online. The tumor is localized epimetaphyseal end of the bone, mainly in the long bones, especially around the knee in 50%, followed by the axial skeleton, especially the sacrum. Although rarely lethal, benign bone tumors may be associated with a substantial disturbance of the local bony architecture that can be particularly troublesome in periarticular locations. Giant cell tumor gct of bone is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm that is associated with a large biological spectrum ranging from latent benign to highly recurrent and occasionally metastatic malignant bone tumor. Giant cell tumor of bone 1 authorstream presentation. Abnormal growths found in the bone can be either benign noncancerous or malignant cancerous average fiveyear survival in the united states after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer is 67%. A bone tumor is a neoplastic growth of tissue in bone. Giant cell tumor gct of bone is a benign but aggressive bone tumor originating from mesenchymal cells. Giant cell tumor orthopaedicsone articles orthopaedicsone. Tumor surgery tumor education bone tumors types of. After performing an instrumental examination, a diagnosis of distal ulna giant.
The excised bone gap needs reconstruction using tricortical iliac autograft and supportive plate fixation. Giant cell tumor of bone is a benign tumor with an aggressive behavior. Giant cell tumor of the small bones of the foot hannah l co. As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to. Pdf giant cell tumor gct of bone is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm that is associated with a large. Intensity modulated radiotherapy imrt in benign giant. Giantcell tumor of bone an overview sciencedirect topics. It causes pain, restricts movement, and is usually cancerous. The tumor is generally benign and characterized histologically by multinucleated giant cells with a background of mononuclear stromal cells. Giant cell tumor of bone is a locally aggressive bone tumor. Giant cell tumor gct of the bone is one of the rare benign, primary, bone. Two hundred and fourteen patients with histologically certified gctb have been treated at the authors. Risk factors for recurrence and mean recurrence free survival was calculated using.
Jyunt sel toomer a rare tumor that usually forms in bone, but may also form in cartilage, muscle, fat, blood vessels, or other supportive tissue in the body. A 17yearold colombian man presented with a painful swelling of the left wrist. Giant cell tumor of bone genetic and rare diseases. Giant cell tumor of bone dr milind merchant slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The classification and definition of giant cell lesions was first proposed by jaffe and lichtenstein. Pdf giant cell tumors gct are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. Giant cell tumor gct is a benign tumor that originates from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the bone marrow. The location of a giant cell tumor is often in the knee, but can also. Webpathology is a free educational resource with 10328 high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. Of 327 patients who had a giantcell tumor of bone and were seen at the istituto rizzoli, 293 were t. It most often grows in adults between ages 20 and 40 when skeletal bone growth is done. Comprising approximately 6% of all primary bone tumors, giant cell tumor of bone gct is a prominent lesion that presents with significant local osteolysis.
This pathway is a key signaling pathway of bone remodeling that plays a critical role in differentiation of precursors into multinucleated osteoclasts, and activation of osteoclasts leading to bone resorption 32. Giant cell tumor is a benign but locally aggressive bone neoplasm which uncommonly involves the skull. The petrous portion of the temporal bone forms a rare location for this tumor. Abstract giant cell tumor gct of bone is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm that is associated with a large biological spectrum ranging from latent benign to highly recurrent and occasionally metastatic malignant bone tumor. Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare, fastgrowing noncancer tumor.
Wide excision or intralesional curettage, along with adjuvant chemical cauterisation can prevent the recurrence of gct. Giant cell tumor of bone is very rarely seen in children or in adults older than 65 years of age. Zheng mh, fan y, panicker a, et al detection of mrnas for urokinasetype plasminogen activator, its receptor, and type 1 inhibitor in giant cell tumors of bone with in situ hybridization. It generally occurs in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Definition of bone, giant cell tumor of medicinenet. Giant cell tumor is a benign primary bone neoplasm which most often occurs in a periarticular location. This study aims to determine whether giant cell tumor of bone of the foot gctbf is more aggressive than gctb at other sites using data.
Pdf giant cell tumor of bone revisited researchgate. However, a small percentage occurs in pelvis, spine or skull bones, where complete resection is challenging. Pdf giant cell tumor of bone an overview researchgate. Rare malignant transformation of benign lesion may be observed with or without use of adjuvant radiotherapy. The tumor is composed of giant multinucleated cells osteoclastlike cells, mononuclear macrophages, and mononuclear stromal cells which secrete promyeloid and pro.
Giant cell tumor of bone is an osseous neoplasm that is histologically benign but clinically shows local aggression and high rate of recurrence. Anzawa u, hanaoka h, shiraishi t, morioka h, morii t, toyama y. Giant cell tumor of the temporal bone a case report. Treatment and recurrence of giant cell tumors of bone a. Giant cell tumor is one of the more common benign bone.
Giant cell tumor of bone with pulmonary and lymph node metastases. Cureus a rare giant cell tumor of the distal fibula and. Giant cell tumor is one of the more common benign bone tumors, occurring in adults ages 20 40 years. The authors present data that purports a predictive value to vegf expression in giant cell tumor of bone supported by a correlation. Although surgical treatment resulted in many cures of patients who had these tumors, i became wary in my prognosis for i found that occasionally there was recurrence of the. Giant cell tumor of bone an overview abstract giant cell tumors gct are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. A giant cell tumor of bone is a type of benign noncancerous tumor that typically occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Giant cell tumour is a benign but locally aggressive tumour. The cranium as well as temporal bone is a rare location for gcts.
Probability of remaining free of recurrence, based on ennekings surgical stage. It accounts for 410% of all bone tumors and typically affects the metaepiphyseal region of long bones of young adults. Less than 5% of patients with benign giant cell tumor develop metastases, usually to lungs. Most giant cell tumors occur at the ends of the long bones of the arms and legs, near a joint such as the knee, wrist, hip, or shoulder. It is more common in young adults between 20 and 40 years of age 24. Morphological and immunophenotypic features of primary and metastatic giant cell tumour of bone. Cooper in 1818 first described giant cell tumors gct of the bone 1. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells osteoclastlike cells. Giantcell tumor of the bone gctob, is a relatively uncommon tumor of the bone. Identify atrisk populations for giant cell tumor of bone. A tumor of bone characterized by massive destruction of the end epiphysis of a long bone. Similarities between giant cell tumor of bone, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, and pigmented villonodular synovitis concerning ultrastructural cytochemical features of. Chief complaints of left thigh and knee pain since 6 months.
Softtissue recurrence of giantcell tumor of bone after irradiation and excision. Giant cell tumor of bone gct is a rare, aggressive noncancerous tumor. Although it is considered to be a benign lesion, there are still incidences of pulmonary metastasis. Most often, the tumors occur close to the knee jointat the lower end of the thighbone femur or the upper end of the shinbone tibia. Pulmonary metastasis of gctb may be affected by tumor grading and localization as well as the age, gender and overall health status of the patient.
Although the recurrence rate of giant cell tumors of bone gctb is relatively high exact data on treatment options for the recurrent cases is lacking. Involvement of the bones of the foot and ankle is rare, and there have been a limited number. Recognize the biology that drives giant cell tumor of bone. The vast majority of giant cell tumors occurs in extremity sites and is treated by surgery alone. It accounts for 410% of all bone tumors and typically affects the metaepiphyseal region of long bones of young. Giant cell tumours gct are benign noncancerous tumours that develop in the bone. It is more common in females with the rate of growth. A giant cell tumor gct is an osteolytic tumor believed to originate from.
451 958 374 175 1508 63 887 106 602 442 281 267 1543 1404 34 1463 344 1314 1304 1057 1469 605 60 949 717 1375 1370 1292 928 171 218 712